Prognosis

The risk of dying following a TIA or minor stroke is increased with: ^a

• increasing age ^a
• diabetes mellitus ^a
• atrial fibrillation ^a
• ischaemic heart disease ^a or intermittent claudication ^a
• hypercholesterolaemia  ^a
• minor disability ^a , including dysarthria ^a , cranial nerve palsy ^a , or limb weakness ^a
• seizures in hospital, or altered consciousness ^a
• intraventricular haemorrhage  ^a
• vomiting ^a

Minor stroke or TIA: stroke risk factors and increasing age increase the risk of dying

Patient	Prognostic Factor	Outcome	CER	OR (95% CI)	NNF+ (95% CI)
first stroke and minor or no disability a	age > 65 years  independent	death at 10 years	9.3%	1.07 (1.05 to 1.09)	170 (130 to 240)
	minor disability  independent		9.7%	3.40 (2.20 to 5.20)	6 (4 to 11)
	prior MI  independent		?10%	1.80 (1.10 to 3.10)	15 (6 to 110)
	nonvalvular atrial fibrillation  independent		?10%	2.00 (1.10 to 3.70)	12 (5 to 110)
	hypercholesterolemia  independent		14%	1.80 (1.20 to 2.70)	11 (6 to 42)
TIA a	male  independent	stroke, MI or vascular death at 2 years	15%	1.60 (1.30 to 2.00)	14 (9 to 27)
	dysarthria  independent			1.30 (1.1 to 1.60)	27 (14 to 80)
	diabetes mellitus  independent			1.90 (1.50 to 2.50)	10 (6 to 17)
	intermittent claudication  independent			1.60 (1.20 to 2.30)	14 (7 to 40)

First stroke or TIA: early seizures, and altered consciousness increase the risk of dying

Patient	Prognostic Factor	Outcome	CER	RR (95% CI)	NNF+ (95% CI)
first stroke or TIA a	early seizures  independent	death at discharge	17%	6.17 (2.13 to 17.9)	3 (2 to 8)
	altered consciousness  independent		5.9%	9.53 (6.16 to 14.7)	3 (2 to 5)
	intraventricular haemorrhage  independent		14%	7.55 (3.33 to 17.1)	2 (2 to 5)
	cranial nerve palsy  independent		16%	4.68 (2.18 to 10.1)	3 (3 to 8)
	limb weakness  independent		4.5%	3.27 (1.67 to 6.45)	11 (5 to 36)
	vomiting  independent		15%	1.94 (1.02 to 3.71)	10 (4 to 400)