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Prevalence Clinical features Investigations Therapy Prevention Prognosis

Investigations blood count d urea and electrolytes, creatinine d glucose a b   serum lipids a   ECG c   chest X-ray d CT or MRI of the head b   Consider echocardiography in patients aged < 55 c to look for  a patent foramen ovale an atrial septal aneurysm For patients willing to have carotid endarterectomy, consider carotid ultrasound a or MR angiography a followed by angiography if indicated a

Expiry date: October 2003
Levels of Evidence used in grading these guides