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Community-acquired pneumonia

Prevalence
Causes
Clinical features
Differential Diagnosis
Investigations
Therapy
Prevention
Prognosis
Clinical features

Ask about
  • age a 

  • duration of illness c 
  • any recent diarrhoea c 
  • pleuritic chest pain b  
  • chills b 

  • a history of
    • asthma a 
    • dementia a 
    • any immunosuppression a 
  • any underlying lung disease c 
  • co-existing disease a 
    • neoplastic disease
    • liver disease
    • congestive heart failure
    • cerebrovascular disease
    • renal disease

  • smoking a
  • any pets d
Look for
  • altered mental state a 
  • obesity a

  • bloody sputum c 
  • a cough a  
  • fever a  
  • respiratory rate > 30 per minute a  
  • tachycardia a  

  • asymmetric respiration a
  • dullness to percussion a
  • decreased breath sounds a
  • bronchial breathing a
  • crackles a  
  • aegophony a 
Rank your patient for risk of a pulmonary infiltrate on chest X-ray. Score one point for a 
  • absence of asthma
  • temperature > 37.8°C
  • pulse >100 beats/min
  • crackles
  • decreased breath sounds

A high score makes pneumonia more likely

score risk of pneumonia
4 or 5 high
2 or 3 moderate
0 or 1 low

 

Expiry date: July 2003
Levels of Evidence used in grading these guides

Author   CM   Ball
Reviewer   M   Kamei
CAT Writers   C   Ball , CJ   Wotton , B   Phillips