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Pleural effusion

Causes
Clinical features
Investigations
Therapy
Prognosis
Prognosis

The commonest primaries are lung and breast, but no primary can be found in 10% of effusions. c

Note:

Common cancers cause malignant pleural effusions

men c
(95% CI)
women
(95% CI)
lung 49% 
(43% to 55%)
breast 37% 
(31% to 44%)
lymphoma/ leukaemia 21% 
(16% to 26%)
female genital tract 20% 
(15% to 26%)
GI tract 7.0% 
(4.1% to 10%)
lung 15% 
(9.9% to 20%)
GU tract 6.0% 
(3.2% to 8.7%)
lymphoma/ leukaemia 80% 
(4.1% to 12%)
melanoma 1.4% 
(0.0% to 2.8%)
GI tract 4.3% 
(1.4% to 7.2%)
mesothelioma 1.1% 
(0.0% to 2.2%)
melanoma 3.2%
(0.7% to 5.7%)
other tumours 3.5% 
(1.4% to 5.6%)
urinary tract 1.1% 
(0.0% to 2.5%)
primary site unknown 11% 
(7.3% to 15%)
other tumours 1.6% 
(0.0% to 3.4%)
. . primary site unknown 9.1% 
(5.0% to 13%)

Expiry date: July 2003
Levels of Evidence used in grading these guides

Author   CM   Ball
Reviewer   D   Geddes
CAT Writers   D   Stanley , CM   Ball