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Pleural effusion

Causes
Clinical features
Investigations
Therapy
Prognosis
Investigations

Send the fluid for c
     - cytology 
     - biochemistry 
     - microscopy and culture of fluid 
     - tumour markers 

Why?

  • 36% of diagnoses are made using these investigations c

Expiry date: July 2003
Levels of Evidence used in grading these guides

Author   CM   Ball
Reviewer   D   Geddes
CAT Writers   D   Stanley , CM   Ball