Prevalence
Causes
Clinical
features
Investigations
Therapy
Prognosis
|  |  | | Clinical
features |
Ask about
-
recent illness
-
diarrhoea
and vomiting
c
-
sweating
c
-
fluid intake
d
-
current medical problems
-
heart failure
c
-
renal disease
c
-
liver failure and ascites
c
-
diabetes mellitus
c
-
any psychiatric problems
c
-
current medication (particularly diuretics, NSAIDs, antibiotics) c
Patients may have nausea, cramps, confusions, or seizures.
However unless the serum sodium is falling rapidly, levels in the range 125-135
mmol/l are usually asymptomatic
d
Look for
evidence of
oedema
or dehydration c
-
When assessing for dehydration, look for
a
-
sunken eyes
-
dry axillae
-
dry nose or mouth mucous membranes
-
longitudinal furrows on the tongue
|