Prognosis

• increasing age ^a
• essential hypertension ^a
• increasing creatinine levels ^a
• serum urea 10 mmol/l or more ^b
• increasing duration of known hypertension ^b
• grade II-IV hypertensive retinopathy ^c

Note:

Worsening hypertensive retinopathy increases the risk of death

Retinopathy c	Survival at 20 years
Grade I	46%
Grade II	21%
Grade III	5%
Grade IV	4%