Investigations

• Urinalysis and urgent microscopy  

Why?

Absence of blood or protein on urine dipstick makes glomerular disease less likely

Patient	Target Disorder and Reference Standard	Diagnostic Test	LR+ (95% CI)	Post-test Probability	LR- (95% CI)	Post-test Probability
undergoing renal biopsy b (pre-test probability: 3%)	glomerular disease ( renal biopsy )	blood on dipstick	2.7 (1.6 to 4.5)	8%	0.16 (0.067 to 0.38)	0.5%
		protein 2+ or more on dipstick	1.9 (1.2 to 2.9)	6%	0.34 (0.17 to 0.66)	1%