Causes

• essential hypertension
• renovascular disease
• diabetic nephropathy
• neurogenic disease
• phaeochromocytoma

• primary hyperaldosteronism
• ingestion of sympathomimetics (e.g. cocaine, amphetamine, LSD, phencyclidine)
• collagen-vascular disease
• pre-eclampsia
• spinal cord syndromes

Why?

The commonest causes of hypertensive urgencies are unknown or due to kidney disease

final diagnosis	% (95% CI)
essential c	70.0% (54% to 86%)
renovascular	10.0% (0.0% to 21%)
neurogenic	6.7% (0.0% to 16%)
diabetic nephropathy	10.0% (0.0% to 21%)
phaeochromocytoma	3.3% (0.0% to 10%)
primary hyperaldosteronism	0.60% (0.46% to 0.75%)