Prevention

• Consider monitoring the blood pressure for the first dose ^d

• digoxin - even with a normal sinus rhythm ^a  
• spironolactone ^a  
• amiodarone in patients with left ventricular dysfunction ^a 

• arrange support by a multidisciplinary team ^a 

• beta-blockers for patients with severe heart failure and poor ejection fraction
  • Avoid d-sotalol
• long-term exercise training ^a  
• amlodipine for dilated cardiomyopathy ^a  
• coronary artery bypass for patients with angina ^b  

There is no benefit from:

• dofetilide ^a  
• ibopamine ^a  
• phosphodiesterase inhibitors ^a