Investigations

• capillary blood glucose. ^a
• urine sample and test for
  • ketones ^c  
  • leukocytes or nitrites - if abnormal send for culture ^d

• blood glucose
• urea and electrolytes, creatinine ^c  
• ketones ^a
• pH  ^a from venous blood ^c  
• bicarbonate ^c  
  

• blood count ^d
• cardiac enzymes ^b  
• amylase  ^b
• blood cultures ^d
• chest X-ray  ^b
• 12-lead ECG and ECG monitoring  ^b

• a urinary catheter
• a central venous line

Repeat electrolytes and glucose levels ^c frequently ^d until biochemical normality is achieved. 
A chart for vital signs, laboratory results and fluid balance can be helpful. ^d