Prognosis

• symptoms of bronchitis
• daily wheeze
• frequent exacerbations in the past 

Note:

Symptoms of bronchitis, frequent exacerbations, and daily wheeze increase the risk of COPD exacerbations

Patient	Prognostic Factor	Outcome	CER	OR (95% CI)	NNF+ (95% CI)
COPD b	symptoms of bronchitis independent	3 or more exacerbations of COPD at 12 months	46% (34% to 57%)	1.56	9
	frequent exacerbations in the past independent			1.43	11
	daily wheeze independent			1.34	14