Investigations

• ECG - look for evidence of right heart failure or ischaemic heart disease ^a

Why?

Right heart failure or ischaemic heart disease on ECG increase the risk of dying

Patient	Prognostic Factor	Outcome	CER	OR (95% CI)	NNF+ (95% CI)
severe COPD a	ECG signs of RVH or overload independent	death at 3.4 years	84%	1.76 (1.30 to 2.38)	16 (12 to 32)
	ECG signs of ischaemic heart disease independent			1.79 (1.05 to 3.02)	16 (10 to 160)