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Diagnosis Prognosis Therapy

Sickle cell disease priapism: aspiration and epinephrine irrigation lead to successful detumescence. Level of evidence 4 Expiry Date March 2004 Sickle cell anaemia exchange transfusions increased exercise tolerance. Level of evidence 5 Expiry Date May 2004 Sickle cell anaemia acute chest syndrome: fewer lung changes were seen on chest x-ray with regular deep breathing. Level of evidence 1b Expiry Date April 2004 Sickle cell anaemia febrile children treated as outpatients were more likely to be admitted in the next two weeks. Level of evidence 4 Expiry Date April 2004 Sickle cell anaemia piracetam reduced crises, hospitalisations and transfusions in children. Level of evidence 1b Expiry Date December 2003 Sickle cell anaemia hydroxyurea reduced episodes of acute chest syndrome and transfusions. Level of evidence 1b Expiry Date March 2003 Sickle cell anaemia aggressive transfusion was not better than conservative transfusion. Level of evidence 1b- Expiry Date May 2003 Sickle cell anaemia anemia preoperative aggressive transfusion was not clearly better than conservative transfusion. Level of evidence 1b- Expiry Date June 2003 Sickle cell anaemia blood transfusions decreased stroke. Level of evidence 1b Expiry Date January 2003 Sickle cell crisis oxygen had no clear effect in non-hypoxic patients. Level of evidence 1b- Expiry Date February 2004 Sickle cell crisis splenectomy increased haemoglobin and red blood cell survival. Level of evidence 4 Expiry Date February 2003 Sickle cell crisis regular ketorolac reduced pain and hospital stay. Level of evidence 1b Expiry Date February 2003 Sickle cell disease high dose cetiedil may decrease the number of painful sites. Level of evidence 1b- Expiry Date February 2003 Sickle cell disease patient-controlled analgesia was as effective as iv injections. Level of evidence 1b- Expiry Date May 2003 Sickle cell disease acute lung disease: blood transfusions improved symptoms. Level of evidence 4 Expiry Date December 2003 Sickle cell disease bone marrow transplantation could be curative. Level of evidence 4 Expiry Date December 2003 Sickle cell disease transfusion decreased hospital admissions. Level of evidence 4 Expiry Date February 2003 Sickle cell disease folic acid had no clear effect on symptomatic episodes. Level of evidence 2b- Expiry Date February 2003 Sickle cell disease methylprednisolone had no clear effect. Level of evidence 1b- Expiry Date February 2003 Sickle cell disease cognitive coping training led to fewer negative thoughts. Level of evidence 2b Expiry Date February 2003 Sickle cell disease penicillin prophylaxis reduced severe streptococcus pneumoniae infection in young children. Level of evidence 1b Expiry Date February 2003 Sickle cell disease penicillin prophylaxis in children older than five was not clearly necessary. Level of evidence 1b- Expiry Date February 2003 Sickle cell disease depo-provera contraceptive reduced painful crises. Level of evidence 1b Expiry Date February 2003 Sickle cell disease stuttering priapism was stopped by stilbestrol. Level of evidence 1b Expiry Date February 2003 Sickle cell disease TENS had no clear effect on painful crises. Level of evidence 1b- Expiry Date June 2003 Sickle cell disease NSAIDs and education were helpful for painful crises. Level of evidence 2a Expiry Date February 2003 Sickle cell disease regular blood transfusions in children with stroke may reduce risk. Level of evidence 2b- Expiry Date May 2003