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Diagnosis Economics Harm/ aetiology Prognosis Therapy

Cardiac ischaemia physician read ECGs were not very accurate. Level of evidence 1b Expiry Date March 2003 Chest pain clinical features and ECG helped diagnose myocardial infarction. Level of evidence 2a Expiry Date July 2003 Chest pain myocardial infarction: a clinical prediction rule can help identify high- or low-risk patients. Level of evidence 1a Expiry Date July 2003 Chest pain myocardial infarction was the commonest cause. Level of evidence 4 Expiry Date March 2003 Chest pain low risk patients: no enzymatic changes or pain after 12 hours, make an MI very unlikely. Level of evidence 1a Expiry Date March 2003 Chest pain clinicians were fairly good at predicting MIs. Level of evidence 2b Expiry Date July 2003 Chest pain CK-MB mass  was the best test for diagnosing MI, and ruled it out if negative at 20 hours. Level of evidence 4 Expiry Date July 2003 Chest pain cardiac troponin T could help diagnose MI. Level of evidence 1b Expiry Date July 2003 Chest pain troponin T may rule out MI. Level of evidence 2b Expiry Date July 2003 Chest pain stress testing could help diagnose multivessel ischaemic heart disease. Level of evidence 1b Expiry Date March 2003 Chest pain the type and position of pain was less helpful in the elderly at diagnosing MI. Level of evidence 1b Expiry Date March 2003 Chest pain clinical features and ECG helped in the initial diagnosis but cardiac enzymes did not. Level of evidence 1b Expiry Date March 2003 Chest pain clinical features suggestive of MI and ECG risk factors increased the risk of death. Level of evidence 1b Expiry Date March 2003 Chest pain raised CK-MB increased the risk of cardiac complications. Level of evidence 1b Expiry Date July 2003 Chest pain serial ECGs may be useful in low risk patients. Level of evidence 2b Expiry Date March 2003 Chest pain rapid evaluation schemes could exclude acute cardiac ischaemia. Level of evidence 2b Expiry Date March 2003 Coronary artery disease age and symptoms increased the risk. Level of evidence 2a Expiry Date July 2003 Myocardial Infarction clinical haemodynamic and echocardiographic criteria helped to diagnose subacute ventricular wall rupture. Level of evidence 4 Expiry Date December 2003 Myocardial infarction Kussmaul's sign diagnosed right ventricular infarction. Level of evidence 1b Expiry Date March 2003 Myocardial infarction ST elevation in 2 contiguous leads on the initial ECG diagnosed Level of evidence 2b Expiry Date March 2003 Myocardial infarction pleuritic chest pain ruled out myocardial infarction. Level of evidence 1b Expiry Date March 2003 Myocardial infarction a parental history of ischaemic heart disease before 60 increased the risk. Level of evidence 1b Expiry Date March 2003 Myocardial infarction cardiovascular risk factors increased the risk in elderly people. Level of evidence 1b Expiry Date March 2003 Myocardial infarction cardiac enzyme changes diagnose most cases within 24 hours. Level of evidence 1b Expiry Date March 2003 Myocardial infarction serum creatine kinase diagnosed. Level of evidence 4 Expiry Date March 2003 Myocardial infarction biochemical markers helped to diagnose. Level of evidence 1b Expiry Date March 2003 Myocardial infarction biochemical marker ratios help to detect successful reperfusion. Level of evidence 3b Expiry Date March 2003