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Diagnosis Prognosis Therapy

COPD acute exacerbation caused by heart failure decreased risk of dying. Level of evidence 1b Expiry Date November 2000 COPD a quarter of patients die within 3 years. Level of evidence 2b Expiry Date November 2001 COPD pulmonary hypertension, low FEV 1 and old age increased the risk of dying on long-term oxygen therapy Level of evidence 1b Expiry Date November 2001 COPD exacerbations: readmissions were common Level of evidence 2c Expiry Date November 2002 COPD most patients with severe disease were dead within 4 years Level of evidence 1b Expiry Date November 2001 COPD half of elderly patients are dead within 7 years Level of evidence 2c Expiry Date November 2002 COPD can occur in lifelong non-smokers Level of evidence 1b Expiry Date November 2001 COPD frequent past exacerbations, daily wheeze and bronchitic symptoms increased the risk of exacerbations. Level of evidence 1b Expiry Date November 2000 Smoking stopping reduced the risk of dying early Level of evidence 1b Expiry Date